National Recovery Administration free essay sample

We have nothing to fear but fear itself. † This statement is from C. 🙂 Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inaugural address. 14. All of the following statements about the Civilian Conservation Corps are true except C. 🙂 it eventually came to employ over one-third of the American work force. 15. In personally taking over the task of setting the dollar amount the government would pay for gold, Franklin Roosevelt’s announced purpose was to D. 🙂 manipulate the price of gold so as to raise prices. 16. He strove to strengthen the child’s respect for parental and other traditional authority. 17. What was the overall U. S. unemployment rate during the worst periods of the Depression? B. 🙂 25% 18. The thrust of Roosevelt’s â€Å"Good Neighbor† policy was to A. ? retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America 19. All of the following â€Å"New Deal† agencies were created during the Great Depression to provide jobs for the unemployed EXCEPT A. We will write a custom essay sample on National Recovery Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 🙂 Farm Security Administration (FSA) 20. Which of the following best describes the administrations of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge? C. 🙂 â€Å"The business of government is business! † 21. The â€Å"Lost Generation† refers to C. 🙂 young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity domination 1920s America 22. All of the following contributed to the Great Depression EXCEPT D. 🙂 lack of credit to help consumers sustain economic growth 23. The Smoot-Hawley Tariffs and other protectionist trade measures had the long-term effect of D. 🙂 sparking retaliatory measures from Europe which weakened both their economies and ours24. The recession of 1937 was primarily caused by E.   premature tightening of credit and cutbacks in spending for New Deal programs 25. The Scopes Trial had the effect of B. 🙂 highlighting the intolerance of religious fundamentalism and its conflict with contemporary science and secularism 26. The philosophy behind the New Deal was primarily to E. ? expand the role of federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past which had led to the current depression 27. Fearing the U. S. Supreme Court would find much of his second term New Deal legislation unconstitutional, as it had done for much of the New Deal legislation passed during his first term, Franklin Roosevelt responded by D. 🙂 threatening to increase the number of justices 28. President Warren G. Harding’s administration could best be compared to that of C. 🙂 Ulysses Grant 29. Droughts, high tariffs, bankruptcies, and low prices during the late 1920s had the greatest impact on B. 🙂 the United States Stock Market 30. The scandal in 1919 that affected the integrity of major league baseball was. The Black Sox Scandal† 31. Marcus Garvey, leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, argued for B. 🙂 a return to Africa . 32. â€Å"The business of our nation is business† were the words of A. ? Calvin Coolidge 33. When the United States Supreme Court failed to rule favorably on New Deal legislation, President Franklin A. 🙂 introduced a judiciary reorganization bill that would increase the number of Supreme Court justices 34. The first woman to serve in a Cabinet-level position was A. 🙂 Frances Perkins 35. The case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in the 1920s best illustrated E. The extent of the â€Å"Red Scare† 36. W. C. Handy, Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, and â€Å"Jelly Roll† Morton were known for their accomplishments in A. 🙂 jazz 37. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 were enacted during what United States president’s administration to help ease the effects of the Great Depression? A. 🙂 Herbert Hoover 38. The â€Å"court-packing† scheme proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 5, 1937 I. was triggered by Supreme Court decisions that undid much of the first New Deal II. was withdrawn when a majority of the Supreme Court justices retired III. Became unnecessary when the Supreme Court began reversing previous decisions and upholding New Deal legislation IV. was replaced by a Judiciary bill that denied the president the power to enlarge the federal courts but conceded badly needed procedural reforms C. 🙂 I, III, and IV only 39. â€Å"There is no right to strike against the public safety, anywhere, any time,† was said by C. 🙂 Calvin Coolidge on calling out the Massachusetts National Guard during the Boston police strike 40. The Republican administrations of the 1920s would best be described as B. Supporting isolationism and laissez-faire business policies domestically 41. The Palmer Raids of the 1920s were a response to C. ? fears of communism follwoing after the Russian Revolution 42. The use of installment plans during the 1920s was significant to the economy because it D. 🙂 served as a catalyst for a new consumer-based economy 43. The Supreme Court decision of Schenck v. United States established the precedent for the idea that B. 🙂 speech that presents a â€Å"clear and present danger† is not protected 44. Which of the following events illustrates the nativist sentiments of the 1920s? The reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan and the passage of the National Origins Act 45. What was the 1920s Harlem Renaissance? E. 🙂 A period of artistic achievement in multiple fields by African-Americans 46. The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti illustrated America’s fear of D. 🙂 immigrants who possessed radical or leftist beliefs 47. The impact of the Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariffs could be best described as B. 🙂 crippling Europe’s ability to pay off its war debts and damaging America industry 48. Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact significant? A. The nations involved agreed not to use threat of war against each other. 49. A primary reason for Henry Ford’s success in the automobile industry was that he C. 🙂 adopted a strategy of horizontal integration 50. The purpose of the Nineteenth Amendment was to D. 🙂 grant suffrage to women 51. The Scopes Trial illustrated the nation’s debate over A. ? religious conservatism versus modern scientific theories 52. Warren G. Harding’s administration is most associated with which scandal? Teapot Dome Scandal 53. The group of American authors disillusioned by society follwoing the First World War are referred to as C. The Lost Generation 54. The election of Herbert Hoover over Al Smith illustrated C. 🙂 nativist opinions concerning religion 55. At the start of the Great Depression, Black Tuesday occurred when D. ? investors raced to sell their stock holdings 56. The Dust Bowl of the Great Depression occurred because C. 🙂 intense agriculture had depleted the topsoil 57. African-Americans during the Depression often experienced B. 🙂 increased discrimination in employment and in relief programs 58. When faced with the stock market crash and the start of the Depression, Hoover supported D. Encouraging voluntary reforms within private business 59. The main goal of the Bonus Army at the start of the Depression was to A. 🙂 allow veterans to receive their promised army pensions early 60. The main purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was to B. 🙂 provide government credit to secure failing banks 61. How did Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt differ in thier attempts to respond to the Great Depression? B. 🙂 While Roosevelt felt that aid should be supplied directly to the people, Hoover felt that the government should only try to stabilize the corporations and banks. What is the practice of buying on margin? B. 🙂 Using bank loans to purchase stocks 63. Which of the following New Deal agencies was created to assist businesses most directly? C. 🙂 National Recovery Administration 64. What was Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"Brain Trust†? B. 🙂 A collection of intellectuals who served as unofficial advisers 65. How did the Second New Deal differ from the First New Deal during the Depression? A. ? It contained a greater number of social welfare benefits. 66. Huey Long and Upton Sinclair criticized the New Deal on the grounds that E.

Premarital Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents in Malaysia Essay Example

Premarital Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents in Malaysia Essay Example Premarital Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents in Malaysia Essay Premarital Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents in Malaysia Essay Essay Topic: Girl in Translation The Second Sex Original Article Singapore Med J 2006; 47(6) : 476 Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in Malaysia: a crosssectional Malaysian school survey Lee L K, Chen P C Y, Lee K K, Kaur J ABSTRACT Introduction: Sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents is a major concern, especially with the worry of HIV/AIDS. This study was done to determine the prevalence of sexual intercourse among secondary school students aged 12 to 19 years in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional school survey conducted on 4,500 adolescent students based on a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the selfadministered questionnaire (translated version of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance in Bahasa Malaysia). Results: The study showed that 5. 4 percent of the total sample were reported to have had sexual intercourse. The proportion among male students who had had sex was higher (8. 3 percent) compared with female students (2. 9 percent). The mean age at ? rst sexual intercourse was 15 years. One percent of students reported that they had been pregnant or had made someone else pregnant. Adolescent sexual intercourse was signi? cantly associated with (1) sociodemographical factors (age, gender); (2) environmental factors (staying with parents); and (3) substance use (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, drug use), even after adjustment for demographical factors. The survey showed that 20. 8 percent of respondents had taken alcohol, 14. 0 percent had smoked cigarettes, 2. 5 percent had tried marijuana, 1. 2 percent had tried ecstasy pills, 2. percent had tried glue snif? ng, 0. 7 percent had tried heroin, and 0. 7 percent had intravenous drugs. Conclusion: Prevalence of sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents was relatively low compared to developed countries. However, certain groups of adolescents tend to be at higher risk of engaging in sexual intercourse. This problem should be addressed early by targeting these groups of high-risk adolescents. Keywords: behaviour, abu se adolescents, premarital sex sexual intercourse, substance Singapore Med J 2006; 47(6):476-481 Department of Community Medicine International Medical University Plaza Komanwel Bukit Jalil Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Lee L K, MD, MPH Senior Lecturer Chen P C Y, MD, MPH Professor Clinical Sciences Section Kaur J, MSc Senior Lecturer Seremban Specialist Hospital Seremban 70200 Malaysia Lee K K, MD, MRCOG Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecdogist Correspondence to: Dr Lee Lai Kah Tel: (60) 3 8656 7228 Fax: (60) 3 8656 7229 Email: [emailprotected] imu. edu. my INTRODUCTION The topic on sexuality has largely remained a taboo subject in Malaysia. Despite this, there are increasing numbers of sexual activities reported among Malaysian youth(1-3). Due to sensitivity of this issue, adolescents receive inadequate education, guidance and services on reproductive health(4). With their limited knowledge about their bodies and their sexuality, adolescents find themselves vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases and infections, including HIV/AIDS, unplanned early childbearing and unsafe abortions. In the USA, sexual behaviour differed by ethnicity, age, and urban/rural location(5). In Thailand and the Philippines, family structure was associated with premarital sex: youths living with one parent have higher rate of sexual activity than those living with both parents(6). For many adolescents, experimenting with tobacco, alcohol, sex, and drugs are rites of passage. Associations between sexual activity and substance use have been a consistent research finding. In Kenya, the single most important predictor of sexual activity among adolescent women was the use of alcohol, drugs, or tobacco(7). Studies from the USA also reported similar findings(8,9). The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse and the determinants of sexual intercourse among Malaysian secondary school students. Data on premarital sex in Malaysia with its multi-ethnic background and rapid modernisation is interesting because data from Western countries may not be applicable to this country. This study hopes to provide updated information on premarital sex Singapore Med J 2006; 47(6) : 477 among the adolescents in Malaysia, and specifically in Negeri Sembilan. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out from June 2001 to August 2001. The study was conducted in seven districts (Seremban, Port Dickson, Kuala Pilah, Jempol, Jelebu, Tampin and Rembau) in Negeri Sembilan (purposeful sampling of one of the states in Malaysia). Sampling of schools was done using strati? ed random sampling. Schools were divided, based on their districts and locality, into either urban or rural. Six schools were chosen randomly from the urban areas and eight schools from the rural areas. Urban areas were de? ned as gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up areas that had a combined population of 10,000 or more at the time of the year 2000 census. Other areas with populations less than 10,000 people were considered rural areas. The study population consisted of students (aged 12-19 years) in form 1 to form 6 (form here refers to the grades of schools according to the age of the students). Two classes were randomly chosen from each form to be the study sample, resulting in a sample of 4,500 secondary school students. Response rate was calculated based on the number of questionnaires distributed and the number of questionnaires collected back at the end of the session. Data were collected using the supervised selfadministered questionnaire. The questionnaire was established with reference to the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance conducted in the USA(10). It had been translated into Bahasa Malaysia and retranslated back to English to ensure accuracy of translation into Bahasa Malaysia. The questionnaires were pretested in one of the schools in Negeri Sembilan, before they were used in the ? eld, to ensure clarity of questions. Ambiguous questions were revised before the questionnaire was ? nalised and printed. Consent was sought from the State Education Department, school management and all study participants. To ensure maximal response, students were assured that the information gathered would be treated con? dentially by strongly emphasising the anonymity of questionnaire responses. To maximise con? dentiality of answers, teachers were not present during the survey and no discussions were permitted throughout the survey. Background information about the respondents includes age, gender, education level, ethnic group and religion. Questions related to sexual behaviour include (a) â€Å"Have you ever had sexual intercourse? †, (b) â€Å"How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the ? rst time? † and (c) â€Å"Have you ever been pregnant or ever made a girl pregnant? † Questions related to smoking and alcohol include â€Å"During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? †, â€Å"During the past 30 days, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol? † and â€Å"During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have ? ve or more drinks of alcohol in a row and within a few hours? †. Substance use was based on responses to the questions on each substance: â€Å"During your life, how many times have you used marijuana, used ecstasy pills, sniffed glue, used heroin, or used a needle to inject an illegal drug? † Analysis was done on factors that were possibly related to the adolescents? sexual behaviour. Statistical signi? cance of differences between 2 groups was tested using ? test. Factors related to the adolescents? sexual activity were analysed using multiple logistic regression. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11. (Chicago, IL, USA). However, owing to some missing answers to certain survey questions, the denominator used in percentage computation varies according to the responses obtained for the survey question. RESULTS Response rate was 100% as all the 4,500 questionnaires distributed were collected back. Levels on non-response to questions on sexual intercourse were quite low  œ less than 1% (n=35). Of the total sample (4,500 adolescents), 53. 6% of the respondents were female, 46. 4% were male (Table I). The mean age was 15. 3 years of age (median 15). In terms of ethnic group distribution, there were 51. % Malay, 29. 2% Chinese, 17. 1% Indian and 1. 8% from other ethnic groups (mainly indigenous people) (Table I), which re? ect the ethnic breakdown of the population in Malaysia. More of the adolescents (51. 7%) were from the urban areas as compared to rural areas (48. 3%) (Table I), which is in proportion to the urban/rural population in Negeri Sembilan. 5. 4% of the total sample were reported to have had sexual intercourse (Table I). The proportion among males who had had sex was 8. 3% compared with 2. 9% of females, and the difference was statistically signi? cant (p

Body Image and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Body Image and Identity - Essay Example This makes quality interpersonal communication untenable and thus hinders the overall development of the personality. Another important issue that factors in good interpersonal communication is self awareness, which is, how well the person knows their own self. The statement that she makes about herself, "If only I weren't so fat, I could find clothes to fit me like normal people do", shows how she considers herself abnormal. Her experiences as an overweight child and the messages that she has received from the society have affected her temperament and have made her a shy person further deterring her from building good interpersonal skills. Reece seems to also have a hidden fear of facing and expressing her feelings, this fear makes her to shut out her friends during the 'fat days' when she is striving to attain her perceived ideal looks. Instead of making conversation she says "Leave me alone" and leaves the table leaving her friends behind. This prevents her from accepting professional advice or even encouragement and comfort from her friends. In order to improve her interpersonal communication, Reece should focus on her self-concept. By developing a positive self concept her communication will also improve. According to William Schutz, communication fulfills the three basic needs of inclusion, control and affection. By being aware of her needs, Reece can open up to her friends instead of shutting them out and thus open a channel of communication, which can lead to better self awareness and correct her skewed body image. This will also take care of the hidden issue of facing her feelings and her fear of expression. Reece sends negative messages to herself at every turn which further strengthens her unhealthy self-concept. When she looks in the mirror, her mind throws a message at her saying "you are fat, fat, fat". These messages contain ideas about her perceived unattractiveness and a discriminating society. These messages are probably the echo of her previous experiences and thoughts that were passed on to her through media and influential people in her life. Reece can make a conscious effort to send positive images to herself. This exercise will aid the unlearning of ideas she has already woven into her personality and make it easier to transform her body image and identity, and thus improve her communication. In order to do this she should also consciously isolate distorted feedback that the other person sends during conversations. By doing so Reece can prevent further damage to her body image. This means that she should be aware of the responses from people and be able to determine which o nes will influence her and which ones she should ignore while trying to understand in which way she has stimulated that kind of response. Both verbal and non verbal communication plays a role in how others respond to us. It is important to consider posture, gestures and facial expressions while evaluating responses. Effective solution to interpersonal communication involves two persons. There are two major concerns in interpersonal communication, self awareness, which we already discussed, and knowledge of the other person we are communicating with. When there is a higher degree of uncertainty about the responses to be expected from the other person the communication is not open and there is very little self disclosure. This leads the person to become